Strength:
Structure:
Chemistry:

Dissolve it for wet chemical methods.

Excite it spectrographic methods.

Macroscopic through microscopic examination.

Light microscopy, electron microscopy, and Xray diffraction.
Pull it, push it, twist it, hit it, or any application of force you want.

We can measure forces from fractions of 1 lbf to 300,000 lbf.
Kieh Co.
Metallurgical Savants